Vietnam is a peaceful and beautiful country which underwent a lot of disastrous wars in the past. During its Feudalism, Vietnam gained the ownership of its land from Chinese invaders, and thereafter opened the land to the South, which was known as The Southward March.
The name of the march is always emphatically capitalized because this movement did not only contain the Vietnam contemporary historic period, but aslo Chiem Thanh (Chiêm Thành), Phu Nam (Phù Nam) and Chan Lap (Chân Lạp) era which were very developed. The march reached at its peak during the 9th period of Nguyen (Nguyễn) Dynasty and ended during Minh Mang (Minh Mạng) Dynasty, which created Vietnam as a country at the beginning of 19th century.
Until the 10th century AD, Vietnam country was geographically ranged from the upstream of Da (Đà) river and Ma (Mă) river to Lam river-Ngang pass (Hoanh Son). After that, people gradually expaned the borders via marriage agreements and wars. In 1306 for example, King Tran Nhan Tong (Trần Nhân Tông) married his daughter, Huyen Tran Cong Chua (Huyền Trân pricess) to King Che Man (Chế Mân) of Chiem Thanh nation; and got 2 territories, Chau O (Châu Ô) and Chau Ri (Châu Rí) (now are Quang Nam and Quang Tri provinces) in return. However, these places' residents by that time were mainly Cham people. The march emerged from a conflict of the South and the North which is represented by Le-Mac (Lê-Mạc) Kings and Trinh-Nguyen (Trịnh Nguyễn) Kings. In 1402, under Ho Han Thuong (Hồ Hán Thương) Dynasty, Viet people joined the community in Quang Nam province. To 1446, Dai Viet (Đại Việt) military made a big conquest over Cha Ban (Chà Bàn) (Quy Nhơn). From then on, Viet nam territories ranged from Thuan Quang (Thuận Quảng) to Quy Nhon began to exchange their cultures between Cham-Viet people. The Cham did not move out of the land, but instead, they stayed in harmony with the Vietnamese.
In the 1558 war with King Trinh, Nguyen Hoang asked King Le to make a march toward the south; thereafter they created two distinctive parts, the north and the south which are separated by Hoanh Son mountain range. Thanks to the cleverness of King Nguyen, the Southward march was then more developed. In 1611, Nguyen Hoang King conquered over Phu Yen (Phú Yên) province, extended to Da Bia (Đá Bia) mountain.
In 1620, Cao Mien King, Chey Chattha II married to Ngoc Van (Ngọc Vạn), daughter of King Nguyen Phuc Nguyen (Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên) in order to set up good relationship with Dai Viet. Thanks to the Queen of Dai Viet, Cao Mien accepted many of Dai Viet people working in Cao Mien. Many years later, Viet people came to live in Bien Hoa (Biên Ḥa), Gia Dinh (Gia Định) and Ba Ria (Bà Rịa). However, Cao Mien people disliked those who were stronger than them and culturally different from them; they thereby moved away for another place.
Until 1653, King Nguyen Phuc Tan (Nguyễn Phúc Tần) led his soldiers and people to Chiem Thanh's territories, Phan Rang region. They settled at Thai Khuong (Thái Khương), Ninh Hoa (Ninh Ḥa) and Dien Ninh (Diên Ninh), Dien Khanh (Diên Khánh). In 1692, Kinh Nguyen Phuc Chu (Nguyễn Phúc Chu) controlled over Phan Ri (Phan Rí) area, Binh Thuan (B́nh Thuận) province. By that time, Nguyen Dynasty had owned a very large land; conversely, Chiem Thanh had only a very small one called Thuan Thanh (Thuận Thành). History of Lam Ap-Chiem Thanh born in the years 190-192 was finally ended. The rest of Chiem Thanh people lived harmoniously with Viet people as Viet citizens; however, their nation names like Chiem Thanh, Champa... no longer existed in Indochina region. The Southward march was thereafter turned to another important phase which made a Vietnam country with full geographical shape from the north to the south.
In 17th century, the southern Delta was still left untouched for the residents mainly lived in the highland and mountainous areas. They were migrants from the northern and the central region. In 1679, Chinese people entered the areas of Mui Xuy (Mũi Xuy), Dong Nai (Đồng Nai), Saigon and My Tho (Mỹ Tho). At the end of 17th century, Nguyen Huu Canh (Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh) established Gia Dinh palace with 2 districts, Phuoc Long (Phước Long) and Tan Binh (Tân B́nh). In 1708, Mac Cuu (Mạc Cữu) offered the land of Ha Tien (Hà Tiên), and Vietnam territory therefore was opened over Rach Gia (Rạch Giá) with 4 wealthy areas, Nong Nai Dai Pho (Nông Nại Đại Phố) (Dong Nai), Gia Dinh, My Tho Dai Pho (Mỹ Tho Đại Phố) and Ha Tien. In 1802, Gia Long gained the reign over the country, and he thereby strengthened his exploitation over the southern Delta, which formed feudal system. The role of Saigon-Ben Nghe (Bến Nghé) therefore became extremely important to Ben Thanh (Bến Thành)market and such places as Long Ho (Long Hồ) (Vĩnh Long), Sa Dec (Sa Đéc), Bien Hoa (Biên Ḥa).
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